Macbeth’s Relation to Modern Day Free Essays

â€Å"You come up short on the period everything being equal, sleep† (III. iv. 73), spoken by Lady Macbeth, shows how rest can play with a person’s judgment. We will compose a custom exposition test on Macbeth’s Relation to Modern Day or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Since the time Macbeth killed Duncan, he has been liable to such an extent that he couldn’t rest. Since he is so restless, his judgment is hindered. He is suspicious and is executing individuals left and right. He is dreadful to the point that everybody is attempting to oust him that he falls back on murdering his dear companion, Banquo. â€Å"There’s blood upon thy face/‘Tis Banquo’s then† (III. iv. 3-15) is when Macbeth affirms the homicide of Banquo from the ‘hit man’ he recruited. He was distrustful that in light of the witches’ prescience about Banquo’s relatives turning out to be above all else, that Banquo would attempt to topple him. Macbeth was additionally apprehensive that Banquo was beginning to associate him with murdering Duncan. I associated this statement to the article â€Å"Study Says Drowsy Drivers Are Involved in 17% of Fatal Crashes† in the New York Times paper. It expresses that â€Å"Being restless reductions mindfulness eases back response time and disables judgment, like the effect of medications or alcohol†.It shows how sleepless individuals who drive can cause genuine mishaps which generally kills them or others. It identifies with the statement since Macbeth is restless so his judgment about in the event that he ought to or ought not slaughter individuals is hindered. Individuals who drive while restless can cause mishaps since they can’t think straight. These mishaps cause the passing of blameless individuals. The impacts of Macbeth’s lack of sleep are like present day day’s impacts of lack of sleep: the two of them debilitate your judgment and can cause lives. It can cause distrustfulness and it goes on sufficiently long, you begin to see things, perhaps a phantom. The most effective method to refer to Macbeth’s Relation to Modern Day, Papers

E-commerce Implementation in Amazon

Question: Examine about the E-trade Implementation in Amazon. Answer: Presentation Reason The report delineates the significance of actualizing Electronic Commerce arrangement in business associations. In the wake of presenting the idea of E-trade, the income of the associations will naturally increment because of the nearness of certain promising highlights. The motivation behind the report is to speak to an unmistakable view on E-trade showcasing procedures and its positive effect on associations. Aside from this, it is additionally discovered that, web based life likewise assumes significant job in authoritative turn of events. So as to set up this report, three associations, for example, Amazon, ebay and Lazada are chosen. The web based life is one of the most quickly developing wonder and they have the most profound in the business associations. This report exhibits the business survey given by the purchasers of the associations and their future patterns too. Then again it is additionally discovered that specific issues are likewise related to E-trade execution. So a s to relieve these issues, suggestions are likewise served in this report. Foundation of the picked associations Amazon: Amazon.com is a web based shopping basket dependent on 500 online business organizations all through the world. WA.Amazon is the primary associations that become well known for selling items over web channel (Flanagin et al., 2014). In the time of 1994, the association was established by Jeff Bezos. The business at first began as an online book shop and progressively changed over to a multi store by including various things, for example, apparel, kitchen machines, home apparatuses, extras, electronic products and beautifying agents. The web based shopping basket was propelled in 1995 and in 1999, in Time Magazine an article was propelled on the example of overcoming adversity of Amazon as a web based shopping basket. Ebay: In the time of 1995, ebay was established by Pierre Omidyar and Jeff Skoll.The Customer to Customer (C2C) Ecommerce plan of action is used by ebay for their shopping basket. Ebay was the main association that was utilizing the idea of C2C business. In this shopping basket, the merchant and purchasers both are alluded to as customers. The primary thing sold in this shopping basket is the wrecked laser pointer of Omidyar in $14. Indeed, this entrance is worry about the buyer security. The private data of the purchaser is kept made sure about and none of the outside clients could hack those without the authorization of the clients. Lazada: Lazada is one of the main web based shopping and selling goal of Malaysia. This internet shopping entrance for the most part works in the southeastern Asia. The entrance is made sure about and easy to use in this way, the customers don't hesitate to get associated with this shopping gateway. The items served by the organization incorporate various classes, for example, wellbeing and magnificence items, home and living apparatuses, electronic devices and distinctive kitchen machines too. In the time of 2011 this exclusive association was established by Rocket web. Business survey Number of supporters and like for the associations Number of supporters and preferences for Amazon Name of the online life Preferences till January 2017 Adherents Facebook 23 million - Twitter - 108 million adherents Instagram - - Pinterest - - Number of adherents and preferences for ebay Name of the internet based life Preferences till January 2017 Facebook 83% Twitter 1.7 % Pinterest 1.95% Others 6.1 Number of supporters and preferences for Lazada Name of the internet based life Preferences till January 2017 Devotees Facebook 16,290,280 - Twitter - 1,358 Instagram - 4,979 Pinterest - 19 Posts that are drawing in and elevate inspirational mentalities to the associations The intension of the buyers is to set aside cash consistently and the limited time post served by Amazon encourages the purchasers to take viable choice with respect to the shopping and a specific item. The purchasers consistently search for the whole scope of limited time contributions. So as to make the special program viable, Amazon promotes their items with the assistance of adequate worth and positive impacts (Ritala, Golnam Wegmann, 2014 ). The arrangement and the limitations are characterized by the terms and condition surrounded by the association itself. The qualification models incorporate qualification, rejection, return and retraction, buy prerequisite and different principles and the delivery qualification. The current special post of Amazon is publicized in TV and diverse person to person communication media, for example, facebook and twitter. The advancing listening capacity of ebay assists with boosting up the perceivability. The advanced listening is accessible in all the dynamic stores of ebay arranged in Germany, Australia, UK and US. This is the latest and promising advancing perspective utilized by ebay. This is a hazard free and one of the most astute approach to get the thing according to the client prerequisite (Varia Mathew, 2014). This methodology is uncovered by right around 30 percent and it assists with putting the dealer stock before progressively dynamic customers. Te limited time listening could pay after the selling of the thing and it could likewise achievement the screen. It gives different rebate codes to the shoppers. From the limited time crusade and condition it has been discovered that Lazada increase the advancement that is available in the significant urban areas of Indonesia. The association is under the fourth year of its activity and the local mammoth of E-trade utilized by Lazada is centering to extend its business and snatch progressively number of customers all through southeastern Asia (Jennings, 2014). The objectives of the exclusive association are to manufactured and extend its business and it has become the southeastern form of Amazon.com. So as to get colossal number of shoppers as of now the association is utilizing facebook, twitter, Pinterest and numerous other online networking (Aversa et al., 2015). The E-business advertise gauge infers that, because of the limited time exercises the associations has reached $25 billion from $8 billion. Number of client produced audits and evaluations The client audit is created from the customers itself and it depends on their inclination in the wake of utilizing or purchasing that specific item. Amazon utilizes the surveys regarding star rating and the rating is in the middle of 1 to 5. In the event that the customers are a lot of happy with the item, at that point the person gives 5 out of 5 (Kantor Streitfeld, 2015). Then again, on the off chance that the customers are not happy with a specific item, at that point the person will give lesser survey rate. Over the changing year the development of the audit rate is expanding quick. In the wake of investigating the gathered informational collection it has been discovered that, Amazon has over 1.2 million of audit appraisals for their items. The audit rate for the electronic merchandise served by Amazon is the best then again for pieces of clothing and other item classes the survey rate is likewise generally excellent. In addition the pace of the distributive audit on the electronic item is expanding at a fast rate. In the wake of examining the cost of the item it has been discovered that for same item the value run differs at a tremendous rate (DaSilva Trkman, 2014). It is resolved that the connection between the item and the normal length of the audit fr the item is very astounding in the event of Amazon. Ebay serves a C2C web based business process, where the past shopper assumes the job of a purchaser. For the ebay network input is alluded to as one of the most significant things. Subsequent to understanding the quantity of stars the association will have the option to get the quantity of buyer audit (Laroche, Habibi Richard, 2013). Indeed, even in the input profile, the criticism of the shoppers as far as star rating is the most significant thing. As if there should arise an occurrence of ebay one purchaser can serve offer their items to another shopper. It implies on the off chance that a purchaser feel happy with the item, at that point the person in question will give star rating dependent on their fulfillment level. The online truck offers chance to both the dealer and the purchaser. The merchant will get star rating and relying upon the quantity of star the shade of the star will likewise change. Indeed, extraordinary limited time exercises are likewise served by ebay and they additionally use commercial for hierarchical advancement. Lazada serves their items basically in southeastern Asia and to keep up the notoriety the limited time exercises of Lazada are occurring in facebook, twitter, Google and in numerous other web-based social networking (Brovman et al., 2016). It likewise has 5 stars rating and dependent on the nature of the item, the shoppers give their view as far as tar rating. On the off chance that the rating is above 2.8, at that point it will be named as worthy and of the rating s not as much as that then it won't be acknowledged by the organization (Wamba Carter, 2016). However, from the customer survey status it has been discovered that, with the arrival strategy utilized by the association the shoppers are not all fulfilled. Indeed, even the practices of the staffs are likewise very amateurish and because of that reason the time period of conveyance isn't at all according to the craving of the buyers. However, for discount of the returned things the client rating is a lot of acceptable. The online informal communities that empowers the imparting insights Online informal communities empower the imparting insight of all the shopping entrances including the Amazon, Lazada and ebay. It has been discovered that there are numerous items those lack any customers survey. Aside from the clever remarks accommodating remarks in the regular stage will be alluded to as progressively supportive for the internet shopping basket to improve their business income (Maria, Kindangen Rumokoy, 2016). Both the best and even the most noticeably awful item audit are served by the interpersonal organizations.

Read Harder Comics About a Religion Other Than Your Own

Read Harder Comics About a Religion Other Than Your Own The Panels 2015 Read Harder Challenge consists of 26 challenge categories spanning the breadth and depth of all things that may be considered comics. We regularly  give you reading recommendations from one of the categories. The marriage of text and image does magical things with all sorts of topics, but when creators tackle religion, we have an opportunity to read some of the most enlightening, affecting stories around. These are some of our favorites. Ms Marvel Copyright Marvel Ms. Marvel by G. Willow Wilson and Adrian Alphona While Ms. Marvel isn’t necessarily “about” Islam, Kamala Khan’s faith is an important part of her story. As much as she is inspired by Captain Marvel and the other superheroes she idolizes, her faith is at the center of her ethical core and guides her throughout her journey as a hero. It’s not an accident that her “with great power comes great responsibility”-esque hero mantra is an Ayah from the Quran.  (Katie Schenkel) Thor: God of Thunder by Jason Aaron and Esad Ribic Now, I’m not saying you should use Marvel’s Thor as a study guide for your comparative religions final, but the main character and most of his supporting cast are literally Norse gods. While there are 50+ years of fantastic Thor stories to recommend, a good place for those interested in questions of religion is Jason Aaron and Esad Ribic’s Thor: God of Thunder. In the first arc, the Thors of three time periodsâ€"the Dark Ages, the present, and the distant futureâ€"face off against Gorr the God Butcher, an alien dedicated to the murder of all gods everywhere after the gods of his own world failed to answer his prayers to save his family from disaster. It’s a fantastic rumination on the nature and role of the divine, made all the better by the absolutely stunning art by Ribic.  (Charles Paul Hoffman) Boxers and Saints by Gene Luen Yang and Lark Pien While this recommendation has shown up in our posts before (a culture other than your own), this category fits better than any other. These two graphic novels examine the Boxer Revolution from the perspective of a Chinese boy who believes whole heartedly in the powers of ancient Chinese gods and a Chinese girl who adopts Christianity. A religion other than your own is central to the plot of these books, which beautifully examine the gray area between religious ideologies. (Andi Miller) Maus by Art Spiegelman   Even though Maus is considered by a lot of people in the graphic novel know  as canon, so many people haven’t actually read the two-part allegorical comic. Portraying the Holocaust with the use of mice as Jews and cats as Nazis, Spiegelman imparts so much history and emotional depth into this black-and-white comic. It’s to be expected with the subject matter, but Spiegelman’s story is at its core the story of a son coming to terms with his father’s horrific history and the fate of millions of his Jewish brethren. It is an incredible artistic and narrative triumph of comics creation, that will force you to confront the realities of the Holocaust anew, no matter how much you already know about it. It’s not an easy read, but it’s an essential one.  (Rachel Manwill) The Rabbis Cat  by Joann Sfar   Set in Algeria in the 1920s, this graphic novel depicts a Jewish community that is most likely unfamiliar to modern Jews. The rabbi, traditional and reverent, is a single parent to a vivacious young adult daughter, who in turn is “mistress” to the eponymous cat. After maliciously devouring a noisy and annoying parrot, the cat develops the power of human speech, which he immediately uses to lie about the circumstances of the parrot’s demise and to question the basic tenets of the rabbi’s faith. In addition to the examination of religious belief, this series also looks carefully at individual perceptions of the world and the intersection of cultures, beginning with the ways the Jewish community is affected by the presence of the underlying Arab culture as well as the colonial French culture.  (Monica Friedman) Superhanallah: An American Muslim Webcomic Created by an unnamed artist, he or she describes this webcomic as modern Muslim life in a sarcastic and lighthearted manner. Some readers are opposed to the comic on the grounds that its name blasphemes the devotional phrase, ‘subhanallah’ meaning glory to Allah.' Many others consider the humor spot-on and sing its praises around the internet.  (Andi Miller) Graven Images: Religion in Comic Books and Graphic Novels edited by A. David Lewis and Christine Hoff Kraemer If youre more interested in commentary on religion and comics, this might be the book for you. This collection of essays (which would also cross-mojonate with our recommendations for books about comics) examines religion and comics in various contexts: as a missionary tool, theological critique, and settings devout, educational, satirical, and more. Persia Blues by Dara Naraghi and Brent Bowman (Jessica Pryde) A Contract with God and Other Tenement Stories by Will Eisner (Andi Miller) The Sandman Volume 4: Season of Mists by Neil Gaiman, Kelly Jones, and Mike Dringenberg (Andi Miller) If weve missed a religion of interest to you, check out the Comic Book Religion Database. Its heavy on capes and tights but interesting nonetheless. Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Literary Works with Love as a Theme - 842 Words

Many literary works have love as a theme. By reading different novels, one receives a glimpse of all the different kinds of love and their purposes. In Their Eyes Were Watching God, love is represented as the sea. By reading this novel, the reader comes to the conclusion that our capability to love deviates with every person we come across. Love is in some ways an art, and it transforms as people transform. Janie Crawford, perhaps one of the greatest love philosophers and protagonist, says, â€Å"Love ain’t somethin’ lak uh grindstone dat’s de same thing everywhere and do de same thing tuh everything it touch. Love is lak de sea. It’s uh movin’ thing, but still and all, it takes its shape from de shore it meets, and it’s different with every shore† (Hurston 191). The Janie Crawford’s dream of true love is combined with understanding, and equality between lovers. This advice should be shared across nations. People â€Å"loveâ₠¬  for the wrong reasons sometimes and need to figure out, like Janie, the definition of true love. When Janie finds this true love after looking for such a long time she finally feels that she has lived a whole and fulfilling life. Love is not as merciful to others, though. The Great Gatsby teaches that money cannot buy love. Jay Gatsby is trapped in this utterly obsessive kind of love that make makes him unable to basically do anything except think about Daisy nonstop. No money or material possessions will entice her, but that sure does not stop Gatsby from tryingShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Letters And The Sullivann Ballou Letter760 Words   |  4 PagesThese works of literature can be categorized as goodbye letters from two men who sent them to their wives to show their love, before they leave for different wars. â€Å"The Sullivan Ballou Letter† is written in American literature and â€Å"To Lucasta, Going To The Wars† is written in British Renaissance literature. T he work of literature written by Ballou is perceived in more of a formal way and Lovelace’s is viewed in the form of a ballad with a iambic tetrameter as a rhyme scheme. These two works of literatureRead MoreTheme Of Lord Of The Flies And The Guide Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesMD. Moazzam Hossain ID NO. 133013040 ENG 302 The Novel-1 Submitted to: Ms Arifa Rahaman Date: 09.12.2015 Theme of ‘Lord of The Flies’ and ‘The Guide’ ‘Lord of the flies’(1954) and ‘The guide’(1958) are the two novels written by famous novelists William Golding and R.K. Narayan. ‘Lord of the Flies’ portrays the story of a group of British boys trapped on an abandoned island who try to administrate themselves with catastrophic results and On the other side, R.K. Narayan quite consciouslyRead MoreThe Essay Of Groom Service And The Return 803 Words   |  4 PagesThiongo are two short story which have the common theme of â€Å"love† and the common situation of â€Å" the marriage†. Although the two stories have common themes and situation related to acceptance, acknowledgement, and recognition, the difference between the two story influence the meaning a lot. The common theme of story is â€Å"love†. The protagonist in â€Å"Groom Service†, Bernard, had the ability to survive with his hunting skill, but did not dare to seek his own love. He seeks acceptance from Marie and her familyRead MoreEssay on The Chapter of Circe in James Joyces Ulysses1422 Words   |  6 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter Circe of Ulysses is said to be the most confessional chapter of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the novel (Schechner 100). In this way, the themes and underlying meaning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   present throughout the chapter are more pertinent to the novel as a whole   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   than any other aspect of this particular section. Specifically, themes of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   love, power, masochism, and consciousness watermark the literature   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   throughout the chapter. What is more, we, as readers, face the battleRead MoreThe Gift Of The Magi853 Words   |  4 PagesHow far can a couple go in getting a gift for their love ones on Christmas day? â€Å"The Gift of the Magi† is mainly about a young married couple who doesn’t have enough money to buy each other Christmas gifts. Having only one dollar and eighty-seven cent Della, one of the main character, decides to sell her hair for only twenty dollars. This gives Della an opportunity to buy her husband, Jim a gift. Meanwhile, Jim who also is buying Della a present is having trouble with money, he decides to sell hisRead MoreThe Management Of Grief By Bharati Mukherjee And Araby1169 Words   |  5 Pages There is a great importance of theme and literary characteristics when attempting to connect various literary works, as it allows the reader to make a deeper connection and understanding of the stories. Although The Management of Grief by Bharati Mukherjee and Araby by James Joyce had incredibly diverse settings, one may connect the two by the similar themes shared in both works. Both authors also frequently use recurring imagery and main character point of view in their stories, to further theRead MoreLiterature Comparison735 Words   |  3 Pageslike plot, character, theme, etc. to capture the interest of their readers. When reading literature, there are themes which are interpreted within the literary piece. Themes reflect innocence, experience, life, death, reality, fate, madness, sanity, love, society, individual, etc. Such themes present a point of a lesson learned or the particular meaning the piece was intended to communicate. The theme is usually the intended und erstanding of the literary piece. The theme is different fromRead More An Analysis of Edgar Allan Poes Annabel Lee Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pages it is easy to understand how the author brings out the theme of Annabel Lee through personal/setting imagery, repetition of words and rhythm/rhyme.   Annabel Lee honors the memory of Poes deceased wife, Virginia.   Throughout the poem, his use of personal imagery helps the reader to grasp the intense feelings of loss he continues to experience long after her passing.   The setting imagery is critical to this particular literary piece, in that it is through setting that one gains a significantlyRead MoreEssay on Consequences of Love and Hate Explored in Romeo and Juliet1075 Words   |  5 PagesWritten by the substantially renowned English poet, and playwright, William Shakespeare, the play Romeo and Juliet is written in a poetic disquisition that distinguishes many timeless themes. These themes transcend the boundaries of this perennial classic into the foundation of many prevailing modern-day literary workings. Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet in the late fifteen hundreds in the riveting city of Verona, Italy, where it has since been revered as one of the most preeminent and recognizedRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Raven788 Words   |  4 Pageswriters of all time. Twelve of Poe’s works are known for their literary construction. The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most famous poems in history and was first published in 1845. This is a poem that many readers may describe as dark, twisted, and even scary can be oddly moving an d eye catching. What were the meanings in his masterpiece, and what did Poe want his readers to understand? Poe’s literary work The Raven shows literary elements of symbolism, theme, and imagery. First and foremost

Good Communication Within A Business Environment - 1636 Words

Abstract Communication is one of the most important skills that people utilize everyday. Mainly people use this to exchange ideas and develop interpersonal relationships. The specific reasons it is key to have good communication within a business environment is that it will assist in the success of a business as well as developing required professional relationships. Research has been conducted into six of the most key communication aspects that effect businesses in the previous sentences. These six are; communication channel, non-verbal communication, correct wording, cultural conflicts, personal perception and he quantity of communication. If these aspects are not considered for a reasonable amount of time before the commencement of a day they can have detrimental affects on the business, by business relationships being damaged, or never formed, and without these relationships it will be harder for a business to succeed. Before we can discuss why communication is vital we must define it, it is defined as â€Å"The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium.† (Oxford, 2015) Communication is key based on this definition not only in business but also just in life. It is also a difficult object to get right, and needs to be planned thoroughly before continuing. (Dewatripont Triole 2005, p. 1217) This supported by many other authors. The question has been posed, â€Å"Does communication always have a positive effect on a business?†Show MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Effective Communication And Organizational Efficiency1123 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationship between effective communication and organizational efficiency, showing in particular how communication barriers may impact adversely on an organisation. 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In workfull environment ,our returns of services will not be accomplished without a good way ofRead MoreWorld Police1072 Words   |  5 PagesEffective Communication in the Workplace Dominic Defalco BUS100 Intro To Business Grace Flannigan 11/8/2015 In the fast-paced world that we live in, communication has become a way of life, especially within the business environment. From a managers point of view, communication is the key to the success of many objectives and goals set by individuals and upper management. Unfortunately, management at every level is experiencing increased tension andRead MoreBusiness and Admin Unit 1 Essay1546 Words   |  7 PagesUnit one: Principles of personal responsibilities and working in a business environment Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. †¢ The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk †¢ Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly †¢ When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference †¢ Then, go to www.vision2learn.com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your MyRead MoreCommunication Is the Main Essence of Knowledge and Understanding. the Emphasis on Cross Cultural Communication Has Increased Due to the Ever Growing Global Environment, of Which, This Case Is a Perfect Example. Canadian1494 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication is the main essence of knowledge and understanding. 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Mass Media Brainwashing Free Essays

People behave, think and act according to mental manipulation and programming. Industries, mass media, attorneys and the CIA bombards desires, anger, fear, guilt, repeatedly throughout the day.   Emotions manipulated by visual images, education, implied threats, high profile staged crimes, false implications of security, entertainment, television programming, radio programming, repeated suggestions by experts, music videos, songs, and advertising provokes people to act or make decisions seemingly on impulse. We will write a custom essay sample on Mass Media Brainwashing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mental programming begins before consumers are introduced to the product. Fifteen second commercials repeated over and over subliminally convince people their lives are incomplete without the product or service. Television programs persuade viewer’s opinions, emotions and mentality. Television sponsors remind the viewer his or her life is not wonderful without the product or services.   Targets eventually act on beliefs that a product or service is an advantage. â€Å"A large portion of the population makes a living simply by getting others to comply with their requests† (Rhoads, 97-04). Programmed individuals mindlessly following subtle suggestions or suddenly find themselves believing they cannot exist without particular services or products viewed over and over is brainwashing, not free will. Manipulation techniques involve social, compliance, propaganda, brainwashing; thought control or thought reforming and persuasion.   Social psychology influences beliefs, attitudes and behaviors. It is persuasion. Industries persuade people to purchase their products. Politicians persuade people to vote for their party. Social psychology does not have to be accurate or have any truth to it for it to be affective. It does not necessarily involve direct communication. In social psychology, the ones influencing individuals do so by controlling their own behavior, not the targets. Compliance technique is instant. The target mindlessly follows the commands. It does not change attitudes, beliefs or opinions. Consumers donate to a charity cause in shopping malls. Customers tip the clerks at Starbucks.   Propaganda is education. â€Å"Propaganda must be repetitious and simple† (Northstarzone.com).   Persuasion technique changes the lifestyle of an individual. This technique takes a while to be effective. It is highly effective. The results are harder to change and last longer. Persuasion is much more difficult. Successful persuasion changes the person unconsciously. The industry has an objective to improve everyone’s health. More commercials would advertise protein drinks, and multi-vitamins. Advertisements for cigarettes and junk food would decrease. After a couple of years watching active and people living fitness lifestyles running along side a beach everyday on television results in a stronger desire for healthier alternatives to cigarettes or sodas. A dark side of brain washing persuades the individual that having certain products or services are to his or her advantage. The product or service is always, without question, to the disadvantage of the target. Thought control, thought reforming or brainwashing destroys a persons identity and beliefs. This type of manipulation replaces an individual’s original beliefs and values that he or she strongly resist. An example of thought reforming is an attorney or prosecutor preparing for opposition in court convincing the person in question he or she needs psychiatric counseling. Professional and so called trustworthy people, persuades, manipulates and influence the person counseling is an advantage to him or her. When subtle suggestions and all the other social influences fail to work, implied threats, fear and unjustified demands are used. The manipulators, prosecutors or attorneys, are the ones with the disadvantage if their target refuses to go to counseling. Another example; the manipulator contacting every person the target becomes associated with. The target is not supposed to realize the people they are associated with is being controlled, either through reward or punishment. It starts off with reward; When the individual finds out, the promises are transformed into avoiding threats. Advertisers and marketers hardly, if ever use these tactics. It is highly illegal. It discredits the manipulator.   Politicians and educational and other government institutions use these strategies   Of course, when the plan does not turn out as expected, the government entity, police departments or politicians provide no legal protection. In fact, the politicians leave very little, if any, evidence of any association with the people being bribed. Social psychological manipulation deceptively implies that targets make choices by their own free will.   Nothing is further than the truth. Visual aspects of social manipulation involve something like decorating the business to satisfy the target audience. Choosing the right furniture, appropriate music, and dressing mannequins combined with premeditated advertising through commercials, television, movies and magazine ads that the individual chose to view are a combination of social psychological manipulation and over coming resistance. A store sporting hot pink bean bag chairs, oversize posters of Beyonce and the Pussy Cat Dolls, playing the latest hot music songs, even music video screens and a mannequin wearing the same green mini skirt and black halter top, that the stars wear on sitcoms, in latest magazines and in music videos break records sales with the outfit costing $350.00.   Consumers decision to purchase the over priced item started long before they were aware the outfit existed.   Does the consumer who spent $350.00 on the name brand outfit have more friends, more money, a better physique or more fun than the consumer who bought a comparable outfit from the clearance dollar bin at Wal-Marts? Advertising sold more than just an outfit. They sold false beliefs. In the comical scene, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCwKbUVyHLY, uses social and compliance techniques. The wife walks in, interrupting her husband while he is very involved in a sporting event on television. She wants to know if the outfit she just bought makes her look fat. The scene implies if the outfit makes her look fat, her husband does not love her. The woman in the clip is not fat, no matter what she wears. Her attitudes and beliefs, feeling loved by her husband, are affected according to what she is wearing. Her husband, whose money was used to purchase the outfit, mindlessly follows the commands in the second scene. The message from her husband; I love you because of the outfit you are wearing. In the very graphic trading cards, http://yorick.infinitejest.org:81/1/cards.html, compliance, brainwashing, thought control and thought reforming are strongly used here. This is a clear cut example of Bush’s and the Texas governments work. The trade cards are photos that create fear, horror, and would make someone cry. They shock people, not in a good way. The message implied is to stop the horrible incidences, vote for Bush. People are not supposed to analyze the facts. They are supposed to mindlessly follow the government’s commands. Seven years after the World Trade Center Attack, the media has yet to produce any solid evidence that any middle-eastern nation is our enemy. There is no evidence Bin Laden exists. Hurricane Katrina, exaggerated or not, made an easy opening for any enemy nation to attack America. That World Trade Center attack was an excuse to go to war, a way to hide money foolishly spent, and hide the fraud within the American government. In the very funny, but very true paintings;   the facts about brainwashing are vivid. In the Axis of Evil drawings, the implied messages from the White House, are spelled out in plain English. The paintings are visual effects showing how America’s behavior was manipulated without realizing it. Bush administration used fear, surprises, and shock.   In another drawing, â€Å"New propaganda slogans are being overtly and subliminally implanted by Bush and his gang through their speeches and actions† (LiverGood). War is Peace, Freedom is Slavery, Ignorance is strength are examples of how the human mind can be totally transformed.   At the beginning of Bush’s reign, anyone hearing these messages straightforward would have rejected it. People would have automatically said that was absurd. Over time, through a series of events, instilling such beliefs is possible. Education institutions, state and city organizations blindly accept bribes to psychologically manipulate individuals that Bush sets out to target. They may not realize the orders are coming from Bush. When people allegedly with high integrity and high morals are riding in wheel chairs to send someone a message, it does not matter if they realize where the suggestions they followed in the beginning are coming from. This type of psychological brainwashing involves individuals Bush wishes to target, not just the populations. When a government organization bribes a group, a student or an individual, that government organization is on the verge of losing all financial funding. Anyone taking suggestions from these organizations, no matter how attractive the promises, is very risky. Its leaders and attorneys are barely staying above criminal indictment. The patterns of behavior that students, professors and other government people are blindly following were repeated on that individual for years. The individual knows instantly. The people following the orders do not get what they were promised. The people blindly following the orders are no longer anticipating a gain. Their behavior is now avoiding a loss. People acting out of fear act and behave in ways that could have them committed. Bush is strongly applying this psychological technique.   Bush sees one thing. The people he made promises too, are not coming through with what they told him they could do. Advertisers, government, and industries shape and form society’s actions through manipulation, repeated suggestions and numerous psychological methods. People refusing to educate themselves are easy targets. Timothy McVeigh, the Columbine high school kids and the majority of people in maximum security prisons are examples of high tech brainwashing. In perfect society’s, people make their own choices. In a real society, others status, wealth, and credibility depends on persuading and influencing people. People isolating themselves as much as possible, risk being profiled as anti-social. This is another form of powerful brainwashing. Brainwashing shows up in more forms than sales manipulation. Good natured citizens are serving time in prison because they wanted to do good, cooperate with authorities even under questionable circumstances. Those people in law enforcement are not going to stand by the individual who did everything they said to do. Leaving information, filling out questionnaires, and government organizations do not always use information for intended purposes. Manipulators continue to suggest services or products to reluctant targets. People refusing initial suggestions need to be aware that manipulators do not stop. Targets hearing the same suggestions repeated by different people must realize their behavior is being controlled.   The persistent suggestion of the product or service is a disadvantage for the target. Notes; LiverGood, Norman D, â€Å"Brain Washing America† http://www.hermes-press.com/brainwash1.htm Rhoads, Kelton Ph.D, â€Å"How Many Influence Tactics are there.† Working Psychology. (1997-2004) : WWW.Workingpsychology.com â€Å"Mass Media BrainWashing† http://www.geocities.com/northstarzone/NSTRPREZ.html (March 11, 2007) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCwKbUVyHLY, No other info given. http://yorick.infinitejest.org:81/1/cards.html How to cite Mass Media Brainwashing, Essay examples

Suffering Ignored Essay Example For Students

Suffering Ignored Essay On February 21, 1907 Wystan Hugh Auden was born in York England. Auden was a poet, dramatist, and literary critic whose everyday language and conversational rhythms has had a major influence on modern poetry. Auden was initially a science major but after several years at Gresham School he realized science was not the career for his future. With the influence from Robert Medley, Auden began to write poetry. Due to this big change in Audens life, he enrolled in Christ Church, at Oxford. Before his departure from Gresham School Auden came to recognize his homosexuality. At the beginning of Auden writing career he had an interest in Anglo-Saxon poetry. Audens poetry in the 1930s largely constitutes a diagnosis of industrial English society in the midst of economic and moral decay. (Bahr p. 212) In 1930 Auden began to teach school in his community. In 1935 Auden married a young lady named Erika Mann. Erika was the daughter of a German novelist. The marriage occurred only so Erika could receive a British passport. In 1939 Auden moved to America. This was a turning point in his life. We will write a custom essay on Suffering Ignored specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Audens writing style shifted away from many of his earlier intellectual convictions and moved toward a reaffirmation of his childhood faith. (Magill p. 73) This change allowed him to write poetry that was said to influence people to Christianity. Auden was a popular modern poet who impressive reputation was based on his technical writing and overall work. Although several critics say Audens writing digressed after the 1930s, he is still a well admired poet. As expected Auden has received several literary awards. Auden received the Kings Gold Medal for poetry in 1937, the Guggenheim fellowships in 1942 and 1945 and the Pulitzer Prize in 1948. (Magill 72) Auden is a poem that can not and will not be forgot in literary history. In 1939 Auden published a poem titled Musee des Beaux Arts. This is a poem about The universal indifference to human misfortune. (Masterplots p. 1430) Musee des Beaux Arts talks about how individuals do not care about the suffering of one another. This poem theme is based on a painting by Pieter Bruegel called The Fall of Icarus. While in Brussels, Auden visited the Musees Royaux des beaux-arts where he was motivated by three of Bruegel painting. . Musee des Beaux Arts can be paralled to the painting by Bruegel. The insignificance of Icarus fall in the ocean, displayed by his legs sticking out the ocean, seen in the bottom right hand corner, is similar to how the suffering of individuals are not important to each other. The poem is written in two paragraphs. The first paragraph consists of several broad statements. In the second paragraph there are applications for those broad statements. In the first section of the poem the word suffering is used only in the first line, in fact suffering is the first noun. This is important because the poem is constructed to demonstrate that it is only in its own first line and nowhere else in the world that human agony receives any emphasis. (Masterplots p. 1430) As the poem continues Auden mentions people eating or opening a window or just walking dully along. These statements highlight how the suffering of people does not have any effect on how others live their life. The death of a stranger will not cause one to slit a wrist. As the poem continues Auden refers to the birth of Jesus. As the first stanza comes to an ending there is reference to the crucifixion of Jesus. In the poem the crucifixion is interrupted by dogs, the dogs go on with their doggy life Auden uses the word doggy to represent to childish vocabulary. (Masterplots p. 1430) Auden uses the word life rather than lives because he once again wants to emphasis the childish vocabulary. While Jesus is being tortured the torturers horse scratches his bottom side. . The word behind is used to emphasis the innocents of the children. .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781 , .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781 .postImageUrl , .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781 , .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781:hover , .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781:visited , .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781:active { border:0!important; } .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781:active , .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781 .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u01ed39b1233d17558081ba673129f781:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: PATRIOTISM EssayThis distracts the reader from the horrible evil deed that was being executed. Auden uses a simple vocabulary in the Musee des Beaux Arts so the reader can visualize the common air. In todays society suffering take place in such common grounds. His tone is nonchalant. Therefore the anguish of others torment is often ignored. In the second stanza Auden speaks of the incident with Icarus falling in to the ocean. Icarus father made him some wing made of feather and wax. The wings were to be used as an escape from prison. When Icarus was give the wings his father warned him not to fly close to the sun. The sun was to hot therefore it would melt the wings. Due to Icarus disobedience, he flew to close to the sun and the wing melted. This caused him to plunge headfirst in the ocean. In the poem the death of Icarus did not have any effect on the world. Once again this is an emphasis on how human misfortunes are ignored in todays society. This poem is an example of ekphrasis. (Masterplots 1431) This means one form of art is based on another piece of art. The poem Musee des Beaux Arts is based on the painting The Fall of Icarus. The paint is about the Icarus fall into the ocean due to him flying to close to the sun. Although Icarus is the center of the story, he is not the center of the painting. Icarus in only represented by two legs in the bottom right hand corner. In the poem the suffering of others in major theme but it is not mentioned but once. The poem talks of how people are concerned about leisure activities rather than human significance. In conclusion Auden wants one to stop worrying about fiddle de aspects of life and think about others. Auden was a very successful poet whose work is viewed and talked about though out the world. He is a modern poet who has made several contributions to our society that can not be forgotten.

Air

Air Planning Assignment Draft 1. What product or service will you try to sell? If you are choosing a consumer product then sell it to a store for resale rather than to a final retail customer? I am trying to sell a type of curling shoe to a retail curling store. The particular type of curling shoe(The Delux version) is made by Balance Plus.2. Where do you think the clients are in the buying process for this product or service as you go into the sales call? The client will be very excited about this type of shoe. It is a new shoe and is the best curling shoe ever produced. They will be in the first step of buying the product. This is because the shoes are new and relatively unknown to curlers. They will be a great item and will sell very fast.3. What are your objectives for the sales call? My objective for the sales call is to sell the shoe to the client.Chris Sobkowicz (left) and Jim Armstrong (right)

The History of Montessori Schools

The History of Montessori Schools A Montessori school is a school that follows the teachings of Dr. Maria Montessori,  an Italian doctor who devoted herself to educating the children of Romes ghettos. She became famous for her visionary methods and insight into how children learn. Her teachings spawned an educational movement which is enormously popular throughout the world. Learn more about Montessori teachings. The Montessori Philosophy A progressive movement with more than 100-years of success worldwide, the Montessori Philosophy centers around an approach that is child-directed  and is based on scientific research that comes from observation of individuals from birth to adulthood. There is a particular focus on allowing children to make their own choices in learning, with a teacher guiding the process rather than leading it. Much of the education method relies on hands-on learning, self-directed activity, and collaborative play.   Since the name Montessori is not protected by any copyright, Montessori in the name of a school does not necessarily mean that it adheres to the Montessori philosophy of education. Nor does it mean that it is accredited by the American Montessori Society or the Association Montessori Internationale. So, buyer beware is an important caution to keep in mind when looking for a Montessori school. Montessori Methodology Montessori schools theoretically cover infant education through matriculation from high school. In practice, most Montessori schools offer infant education through 8th grade. In fact, 90% of Montessori schools have very young children: ages 3 to 6. The centerpiece of the Montessori approach is allowing children to learn on their own while being guided by the teacher. Montessori teachers do not correct work and hand it back with lots of red marks. A childs work is not graded. The teacher assesses what the child has learned and then guides him into new areas of discovery. This description of a Montessori school was written by Ruth Hurvitz of The Montessori School in Wilton, CT:   The Montessori Schools culture is devoted to helping each child grow toward independence by building confidence, competence, self-esteem and respect for others. More than an approach to education, Montessori is an approach to life. The program at The Montessori School, both in philosophy and pedagogy, is based on the scientific research work of Dr. Maria Montessori and on AMI Montessori training. The School respects children as self-directed individuals and fosters their growth toward independence and social responsibility, while creating a joyful, diverse and family-oriented community. The Montessori Classroom Montessori classrooms are designed in a multi-age mix from toddlers through adolescents which allow  for both individual and social development. The classrooms are beautiful by design. They are set up in an open style, with work areas throughout the room and materials available on accessible shelving. Most lessons are given to small groups or individual children while other children are working independently. The school uses stories, Montessori materials, charts, timelines, objects of nature, treasures from the wealth of cultures around the worlds and sometimes conventional tools to teach the children. Guided by the teacher, Montessori students actively participate in planning their time and taking responsibility for their work. Committed to diversity, The Montessori School community is inclusive and depends on the tenets of respect. The school believes in sharing what we have with those in need and encouraging children to learn to live responsibly in the world. At The Montessori School, students are inspired to live both passionately and compassionately in a global community. Montessori vs Traditional Primary Education One of the differences between Dr. Montessoris approach to early childhood education and the approach found in many primary schools is the adoption of elements of the multiple intelligences theory. Harvard professor Howard Gardner developed and codified this theory in the late 20th century. Dr. Maria Montessori would seem to have developed her approach to teaching children along very similar lines. Regardless of who thought of it first, the multiple intelligences theory proposes  that children do not just learn using reading and writing intelligences. Many parents live by this theory because that is how they nurture their babies from birth. There are many parents who believe that too often, children who have been raised to use all their intelligence will go off to schools where they are severely restricted in what they learn and how they learn it, thus making a traditional public school a less than ideal option. If multiple intelligences are important to your child-rearing philosophy, then Montessori and Waldorf schools are worth a look. You also will want to read about the progressive education movement which was germinating about the same time as Maria Montessori and Rudolf Steiner were putting their educational theories into practice.

Debriefing Report for VoIP2.biz, Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Debriefing Report for VoIP2.biz, Inc - Essay Example The voice communication often remained on the plain Old Telephone Service (POTS).In business market, voice communication is still important to the business and remained 10 to 20 times the size of internet communication. Most business spends money every month on the legacy telephony technology. The company should therefore have some POTS for these businesses. They can also switch some of the many POTS to VolP services.Ordinarilly, the market for VolP typically measured in terms of how many POTS lines are available. VolP should allow the integration of organizations many locations including the remote workers into a single communication costs and expand functionality by combining voice and data into one network and by bringing advanced features that are not currently available to most small and midsize business customers. They need to replace all the POTS Telephone circuits with internet connections and utilize open source voice applications and commodity intercircuits.Smaller versions of PBX systems should be introduced to manage voice communication and optimizing the utilization of carrier services, reducing company monthly expenses. The company should also utilize HSC services such as DSC to reduce costs by outsourcing central engineering and equipment

Case Study Module 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Module 3 - Case Study Example Dr. MacIntyre finds that the drug Valium in the Avery Clinic was unaccounted. Despite this, her outdated records management system is unable to affirm if the drugs were physically missing. The next problem is the increasing absenteeism of her associate Stephen Saltzman. With Mr. Saltzman not working full time, the sales figures at the Avery clinic are negatively impacted. He is also not available as often as he is expected to be thus disappointing many clients. Mr. Saltzman also seems to have a poor work ethic. Dr.MacIntyre by analyzing the amount spent on tests at the Avery clinic concludes that he may not be taking the time to diagnose properly. These issues point to a bigger problem which is the poor monitoring of the Avery clinic. It is evident from the case that Dr. MacIntyre is closely involved with the Johnsonville clinic where she puts up but not so with the Avery clinic. A new branch or venture always needs close attention to be paid. (Kishel & Kishel, 2005) Leaving the Avery clinic to its own devices seems to cause of all the problems the business is facing. A cause of immediate concern is the few hours been put in Avery and poor work ethic by Mr. Saltzman at Avery. This is because the two directly influence income and customer satisfaction. The hours Mr. Saltzman is not attending to clients are all hours not spent billing. Not taking enough time to diagnose animals is poor service delivery and leads to unhappy clients. Neglecting client’s needs ruins the reputation of the business. (Scott, 1991) As a result of the problems mentioned above, other areas of the business suffer. Profitability has gone down in the Avery clinic because as a direct result of the absenteeism of Stephen Saltzman. It has gone down in Johnsonville as Dr. MacIntyre had to reduce her hours of working to travel to and from Avery to assist with the workload there. Strategic direction for the company also suffers as the lack of sufficient

Role of therapeutic relationship within mental health nursing

Role of therapeutic relationship within mental health nursing Research is a significant component of the educational process and is essential for current and future professional nursing practice (Tingen, 2009). To describe what nursing research is, Tingen (2009) uses a definition by Polit and Beck (2006, p4) who describe it as a: Systematic inquiry designed to develop knowledge about issues of importance to nurses, including nursing practice, nursing education and nursing administration. Without research, nurses would not be able to practice evidence based care, the importance of which is stated within the Code of Conduct (Nursing and Midwifery Council 2008). According to Haynes and Haines (1998) evidence based practice aims to integrate current best evidence from research with clinical policy and practice. It is important to critically evaluate any research study to establish the significance and worth of each individual publication (Hek, 1996). For the purpose of this assignment I will use a universal critical appraisal tool that can be used to evaluate any type of research, which can be located in Appendix 1. It has been adapted and devised using appraisal tools from Hawker et al (2002) and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) (Public Health Resource Unit, 2007). Background I have chosen to review the topic of therapeutic relationships within the field of mental health nursing. I feel this is a vital component in the nursing role, and something every mental health nurse should be skilled in. Literature states that the therapeutic relationship is a central element of care through which many aspects of mental health nursing is carried out (Priebe and McCabe, 2006). Search strategy My question is what role does the therapeutic relationship have within mental health nursing? I carried out my literature search using the Cinahl database. Although there are a variety of database choices, Cinahl produced ample results so other database searches were not required. Table 1 summarises my literature search results. Table 1: literature search strategy database name key words/phrases used database headings used search limits (inclusions/exclusions) no. results Cinahl (Search was conducted on 1st April 2011) therapeutic relationship and mental health None Primary research English language Peer reviewed 64 Therapeutic relationship and psychiatric None Primary research English language Peer reviewed 68 I searched the terms mental health and psychiatric separately but in conjunction with the words therapeutic relationship to ensure a more in-depth search as both terms are used interchangeably within literature. The three papers I have selected to review are Johansson and Eklund (2003), Scanlon (2006) and Forchuk et al. (2005). They were chosen so that both qualitative and quantitative research is included and that differing perspectives on the therapeutic relationship were researched. A summary of the relevant information from each article can be found in a critical appraisal grid in Appendix 2. Elements of the summary will be referred to in the following discussion. Critical Review: Research aims Any research paper should make clear the purpose of the study being reported so that the reader can establish whether or not it is relevant to them (Couchman and Dawson, 1990). It is suggested that an abstract or summary is a good way to give a brief overview of the content of the paper (Couchman and Dawson, 1990). Greenhalgh (2010) recommends that the introductory sentence of a research paper should state the background to the research. All three highlighted papers clearly set out their aims and give background information as to the importance of their study and why it has been chosen. The Forchuk et al. (2005) study aims to replicate a successful pilot study conducted several years earlier, but seemingly on a larger scale. Research approach/design When assessing the methodological quality and approach of a paper Greenhalgh (2010) proposes five key questions. They are; was the study original, whom was it about, was it well designed, was systematic bias avoided and was it large enough and continued for long enough to make the results credible (Greenhalgh, 2010). Johansson and Eklund (2003) give good rationale for the research design using literature as evidence. Both authors are experienced in the field of psychiatry, but the first author conducted all interviews, which helped to maintain consistency and credibility. Scanlon (2006) appears to have spent time designing her study, using established literature as well as her own experience to develop an interview guide which was piloted to ensure its suitability. The Forchuk et al. (2005) study describes a clear and concise research design using cluster randomisation. The study had a control group to compare to a group receiving the model used in the aforementioned pilot study. Ethical issues Any research involving human participants and animal materials or specimens is subject to ethical review, whether it is clinical, biomedical or social research, including the secondary use (Sheffield Hallam University, 2011). Literature regarding ethical considerations varies in the areas they discuss but in general, there are four main areas of ethical concern where the rights and dignity of the participant must be preserved, namely ensuring consent; prevention of harm; protecting confidentiality (Behi and Nolan, 1995; Marion, 2004); and that the research process provides more benefit than harm (Behi and Nolan, 1995). The study by Johansson and Eklund (2003) was initiated by the ethics committee of the county council, so it is assumed they were recruited to complete the study, although no information is given other than the authors had no collaboration with either of the two settings used to recruit participants. Although written consent was sought it is not stated as to whether the participants understood the aims of the study. Both Scanlon (2006) and Forchuk et al. (2005) provide little information other than ethical principles being followed. Sampling For any study to take place, the subjects must be selected, and this is called sampling. The process used to select a group of people, events, behaviours or situations must ensure that the subjects are representative of the population being studied (Burns and Grove, 2007), or the research will not be credible. The population being studied will guide what process will be used to complete the sampling process (Burns and Grove, 2007). Johansson and Eklund (2003) give in-depth and referenced reasoning for their chosen sampling process. However their attempts at ensuring maximum variation can be argued to have failed with only 9 participants recruited. In contrast, little information is given by Scanlon (2006) as to her sampling process, but there is a clear inclusion criterion for the sample of six participants. The sampling process used by Forchuk et al. (2005) appears to be in-depth with attempts to reduce any potential limitations or barriers. A large sample size of 390 participants partook in the study, which was a year long. A dropout rate of 36% resulted in 249 completing the study. Data collection Burns and Grove (2007) define data collection as the precise, systematic gathering of information relevant to the research purpose or the specific objectives, questions, or hypotheses of a study. The choice of data collecting technique used will be determined by the type and purpose of the study being conducted (Burns and Grove, 2007). The data collection method utilised in the Johansson and Eklund (2003) study was an open-ended in-depth interview with a clear focus. The interview was hand written during discussion with no other recording equipment used. They themselves admit that this can introduce bias and the potential for data to be missed using this process. To maintain consistency the interviewer was the same person for all interviews, but the person transcribing is not stated. Other than developing a piloted interview guide, Scanlon (2006) does not give detail about the data collection technique, other than semi-structured interviews being conducted. The interview guide is attached as an appendix. Data collection methods in the Forchuk et al. (2005) study would appear to be very thorough involving 5 tools, 3 of which were designed solely for this research. Data analysis After the data is collated, the research will be of no use to anyone if it is not analysed as it will have no meaning or explanation (McMichael, 2007). Analysis transforms the data collected into new knowledge (Thorne, 2000) and with its primary purpose being to impose some order to data so that conclusions can be made and communicated (Massey, 1995). The analysis process in the Johansson and Eklund (2003) study would appear to be very thorough. However the interviewer was one of the researchers categorising, so the transcripts were known and analysis may have been affected. Scanlons (2006) research provides a good example of thorough data analysis, using a recognised coding procedure comprising of three sets of coding. In contrast Forchuk et al. (2005) give little information regarding their data analysis providing only one small paragraph explaining how t-tests were used to test hypothesis. Findings The findings or results of any study should be presented in a way that advises the reader of any significant outcomes (Burns and Grove, 2007). It is suggested that tables and discussion are separate to as to avoid confusion (Couchman and Dawson, 1990). Johansson and Eklund (2003) give a good example of separating the ways in which the data is presented, with an in-depth discussion about each category. Sub categories were created to provide further clarity and quotes from interview are used to emphasise points. However the table gives little information other than the headings for each category and brings little value to the report. Scanlon (2006) uses an in-depth discussion to relay her findings, with quotes from participants supporting literature on the topic area. The studys aims have clearly been achieved. Considering the extent of data collected, the findings are surprisingly sparse in the Forchuk et al. (2005) paper. Baseline data is presented in a table, but little information is available as the findings did not support the hypothesis. Generalisability/transferability Generalisability refers to the extent to which research findings are valid and relevant to other settings (Pibouleau, 2009) and how useful they are (Altman and Bland, 1998). Pibouleau (2009) explains how poor reporting of generalisability can be a barrier to research findings being introduced to clinical practice. If findings are not generalisable then they will not be suitable to be implemented into clinical practice. The small scale of the study by Johansson and Eklund (2003) indicates that it is weak and that its generalisability is limited. They attempt to argue that due to having no contrasting findings that it gives rise to a certain degree of representativeness, but their conclusion contradicts this by stating there was some variation, the culprit being a patient with psychosis. Scanlon (2006) reports her study to not be generalisable due to its small scale. However, it does discuss how therapeutic relationships fit in with the role of psychiatric nursing, so the study can be argued to be transferable to the wider population. The Forchuk et al. (2005) study failed to meet its aims, so is not generalisable in any way. This is despite it being based on a successful pilot study conducted some years previously. Implications for practice The research by Johansson and Eklund (2003) offers very little implication for practice other than to offer issues that should be addressed in future similar studies. The study is flawed, and has limitations and contradictions within the discussion. Both authors have previous experience in research in the topic area which is evident in the referencing of their own work, so it raises concerns that these issues have not been addressed in previous work. In contrast Scanlon (2006) recognises all flaws in her study, and gives several recommendations for future research. The fact that the interview guide is included and the findings discussed in such depth allows the study to be replicated. Very little can be gained from the Forchuk et al. (2005) research with regards to enhancing practice, but recommendations are made for future study, almost as a token gesture. However, the paper does highlight factors to consider when planning the discharge process to ensure success, so cannot be comple tely dismissed. Discussion Considering the significance of therapeutic relationships within the field of mental health and the importance it plays within the role of the nurse, the analysis of the highlighted papers is disappointing. The Johansson and Eklund (2003) paper is flawed offering nothing significant for clinical practice. The Forchuk et al. (2005) study failed to meet its aims and as a result provided very little information other than the importance of providing support in the transition from hospital to community. Although very valid, this is does not compensate for the complete failure of the research which was based on a successful pilot. It can be argued that the only paper critiqued that can offer anything to clinical practice is that published by Scanlon (2006), but then her conclusions infer the opposite. Despite the fact that her study can easily be replicated and recommendations for future research are offered, she casts doubt by having a negative focus on her findings. Conclusion This critical review has little to offer to address my question, but the background research and literature reviews within the reviewed papers does offer a rich source of secondary information. Despite that none of the studies have generalisability; they do highlight issues that future researchers should be aware of. From this review it seems that a qualitative approach is best suited to a study in this topic area. It is recommended that the flaws and limitations highlighted in the above research designs are used to establish an effective method for evaluating the role of the therapeutic relationship in mental health nursing. References ALTMAN, D.G. and BLAND, J.M. (1998). Generalisation and extrapolation. [online]. British Medical Journal, 317 (7155), 409-410. Article from British Medical Journal last accessed 1 April 2011 at: http://www.bmj.com.lcproxy.shu.ac.uk/content/317/7155/409.full.pdf BEHI, R. and NOLAN, M. (1995). Ethical issues in research. British Journal of Nursing, 4 (12), 712-716. BURNS, N. and GROVE, S.K. (2007). Understanding Nursing Research: Building an evidence-based practice. 4th ed., China, Saunders Elsevier. COUCHMAN, W. and DAWSON, J. (1990). Nursing and health-care research. London, Scutari Press. FORCHUK, C. et al. (2005). Therapeutic relationships: from psychiatric hospital to community. [online]. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 12 (5), 556-564. Article from Ebscohost last accessed 1 April 2011 at: http://web.ebscohost.com.lcproxy.shu.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=f3dd7acd-4bbe-4931-88aa-e5fbf505b948%40sessionmgr14vid=2hid=10 GREENHALGH, T. (2010). How to read a paper: The basics of evidence-based medicine. 4th ed., West Sussex, Wiley-Blackwell. HAWKER, S. et al. (2002). Appraising the Evidence: Reviewing Disparate Data Systematically. [online]. Qualitative Health Research, 12 (9), 1284-1299. Article from Sage last accessed 1 April 2011 at: http://qhr.sagepub.com.lcproxy.shu.ac.uk/content/12/9/1284.full.pdf+html HAYNES, B. and HAINES, A. (1998). Barriers and bridges to evidence based clinical practice. British Medical Journal, 317 (7153), 273-276. HEK, G. (1996). Guidelines of conducting critical research evaluation. Nursing Standard, 11 (6), 40-43. JOHANSSON, H. and EKLUND, M. (2003). Patients opinion on what constitutes good psychiatric care. [online]. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 17 (4), 339-346. Article from Ebscohost last accessed 1 April 2011 at: http://web.ebscohost.com.lcproxy.shu.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=c7e46787-eb49-4138-85ac-a8a551792d91%40sessionmgr11vid=2hid=10 MARION, R. (2004). Ethics in research. [online] Last accessed 1 April 2011 at: http://www.sahs.utmb.edu/pellinore/intro_to_research/wad/ethics.htm MASSEY, V.H. (1995). Nursing research. Pennsylvania, Springhouse Corporation. MCMICHAEL, C. (2007). Qualitative data analysis. [online]. Last accessed 2 April 2011 at: http://www.latrobe.edu.au/publichealth/Units/phe6/phe6hrb/Week%206%202007%20Analysis.pdf NURSING and MIDWIFERY COUNCIL (2008). The Code in Full. [online]. Last accessed 1 April 2011 at: http://www.nmc-uk.org/Nurses-and-midwives/The-code/The-code-in-full/#standard PIBOULEAU, L. (2009). Applicability and generalisability of published results of randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies evaluating four orthopaedic procedures: methodological systematic review. [online]. British Medical Journal, 339 (b4538), 1-8. Article from British Medical Journal last accessed 1 April 2011 at: http://www.bmj.com/content/339/bmj.b4538.full POLIT, D.F. and BECK, C.T. (2006). Essentials of nursing research: Methods, appraisal, and utilization. 6th ed., Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. PRIEBE, S. and MCCABE, R. (2006). The therapeutic relationship in psychiatric settings. [online]. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 113 (s429), 69-72. Article from Wiley last accessed 1 April 2011 at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.lcproxy.shu.ac.uk/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00721.x/pdf PUBLIC HEALTH RESOURCE UNIT (2007). Appraisal Tools. [Online]. Last accessed 1 April 2011 at: http://www.phru.nhs.uk/Pages/PHD/resources.htm SCANLON, A. (2006). Psychiatric nurses perceptions of the constituents of the therapeutic relationship: a grounded theory study. [online]. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 13 (3), 319-329. Article from Ebscohost last accessed 1 April 2011 at: http://web.ebscohost.com.lcproxy.shu.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=476f44a1-8cff-4a3c-a40f-c96bc336d3c3%40sessionmgr14vid=2hid=10 SHEFFIELD HALLAM UNIVERSITY (2011). Research ethics: 1. Research involving human participants. [online]. Last accessed 1 April 2011 at: http://students.shu.ac.uk/rightsrules/resethics1.html THORNE, S. (2000). Data analysis in qualitative research. Evidence Based Nursing, 3 (3), 68-70. TINGEN, M.S. et al. (2009). The importance of nursing research. Journal of Nursing Education, 48 (3) 167-170. Appendix 1 A Universal Critical Appraisal Tool Adapted from HAWKER, Sheila et al (2002) Appraising the Evidence: Reviewing Disparate Data Systematically. Qualitative Health Research, 12 (9), 1284-1299 and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) appraisal tools: http://www.phru.nhs.uk/Pages/PHD/CASP.htm 1: Research aims and research question: Is there a clear statement of aims and a research question? Consider: Is the goal of the research clearly stated? Are reasons given for why the research is relevant or important? 2: Research approach/design: Is the approach appropriate and clearly explained? Consider: Is the research approach/design justified? Is an explanation offered as to why it was chosen? 3: Ethics: have ethical issues been addressed and was necessary ethical approval obtained? Consider: Are issues of confidentiality, sensitivity and consent addressed? Are research governance processes clearly described? 4: Sampling: Is the sampling strategy appropriate to address the research aims? Consider: Is how the participants were recruited, selected or allocated explained? Are details provided (e.g. race, gender, age, context) of who was studied? Is the sample size for the study justified? 5: Data collection: Are the methods of data collection appropriate and clearly explained? Consider: Is it clear how the data were collected and are the methods chosen justified? 6: Data analysis: Is the description of the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Consider: Is there a clear description of how analysis was done Qualitative Is there a description of how themes or concepts were derived? Quantitative Are reasons for the statistical tests selected described and statistical significance discussed? 7: Findings: Is there a clear description of the findings? Consider: Are findings explicit, easy to understand and in logical progression? Are tables, if present, explained in the text? Do results relate directly to the aims? Are sufficient data presented to support the findings? 8: Transferability or generalisability: Are the findings of this study transferable, or generalisable to a wider population? Consider: Are the context and setting of the study described sufficiently to allow comparison with other contexts and settings? Is there sufficient detail provided about the sample (as in section 4)? 9: Implications and usefulness: How important are these findings to policy and/or practice? Consider: Do the findings contribute something new and/or different in terms of understanding, insight or perspective? Are ideas for further research suggested? Are implications for policy and/or practice suggested?

Secrets – Creative Writing

Bill locked the last bolt on the door. â€Å"Another day finished† Bill said with a sigh. â€Å"I'll just finish putting these in the back room†. Sue heaved the last box into the storeroom and dropped it on the floor. She took the pencil out of her mouth and started marking of the boxes on the clipboard. â€Å"Nine..Ten..Ele†¦What the hell!!† She slowly stepped towards the strange object and as she approached it she began to realize what it was. â€Å"BILLLLLLLLL† she screamed. A figure appeared in the doorframe, when Sue turned around she was shocked to see him smirking. † I see you've found my little, how would you put†¦surprise† Sues mouth dropped open. â€Å"But, what, how, who is it?† Sue stammered. â€Å"Just someone that needed, taken care of. Now we're not going to tell anyone are we? We wouldn't like that to be you, would we?† he replied with a nod. Sue was rooted to the spot. She could feel her body shivering with fear. She felt like she had been standing there for hours. When reality finally hit her she let out a huge scream and ran for her life. â€Å"She won't get far† Bill said to himself with a menacing laugh. Sue ran along the cold, wet streets of Lairg, tears streaming down her face. She was distraught; she didn't know where she was going all she knew was that it wasn't home. How could she go home in this state her father was sure to notice and as thousands of questions. She couldn't cope with it, not after what she'd seen. Images kept flickering through her head, of Bills evil face and the arm. She was traumatized. Throwing herself down onto the wet steps of Spar. She couldn't think straight no matter how much she tried her mind was full of worries and images. How could she go on, knowing about that poor person Bill had supposedly â€Å"taken care of†, knowing about the kind of person Bill really is. Bill watched as the young girl slowly mounted the emergency steps to the roof of Spar. He grinned as he saw a tearful face appear at the edge of the roof. After muttering a few silent words the girl flung herself of the roof. Bill stood up and looked around for any witness'. Nobody was around. He grabbed the girls' hair and dragged her behind Spar. â€Å"I didn't even touch her† he muttered into his mobile, â€Å"I'm at Spar come and pick me up†¦and her† â€Å"So please anyone that has any information about the disappearance of Sue Macbeath contact us the number is 084† the police officers plea was cut short as Bill turned his television off. He spooned the last of his corn flakes into his mouth and dropped the plate into the sink. The familiar sound of a bell ringing on the shop door alarmed Bill, as he was busy in the storeroom. Well, he thought with some annoyance, Sue will just have to wait for now. He briskly left the storeroom, closing the door tightly behind him. He looked all around, nobody to be seen. Just as he was about to turn around and go back into the room he heard a radio crackle. â€Å"No sign of anyone here. Over.† A deep, manly voice said. Bill spun round and was greeted by an overweight, red-faced policeman. â€Å"Well, Hello young man† said the jolly policeman patting Bill on the back. Bill gave a weak smile. â€Å"Can I help you officer?† he said. â€Å"Well, as you may have already a young lass b the name of Sue Mcbeath has gone missing† he said without much effort. Bill felt like he was reciting a well-rehearsed speech. â€Å"Anyway, to get to the point† he added. † We believe that she was a colleague and a friend of yours†. â€Å"Yes† Bill gave a fake sigh. † A very good friend of min. Last time I saw her was yesterday evening, around five to six. I told her she could go early and that I would lock up.† â€Å"Did she say where she was going?† â€Å"No officer. I just presumed she would be going home like usual.† â€Å"Was she acting at all strangely?† â€Å"No officer. Just being her usual cheery self.† Bill told the officer as he wrote notes down on his note-pad. â€Å"Well son. I reckon I'll be back, but for now, don't give up hope eh? We'll find her† he said comfortingly, chucking Bills chin. â€Å"Thanks you officer. I'll be sure to give you a call if I think of anything else† And with that the officer left. Bill tapped a number into his mobile. â€Å"Darren?† he said â€Å"I've just has that police in here. I think you'd better come over.† The whole of Lairg was on a hunt for Sue Macbeath. There were new conferences on the television and reports on the radio. The plea that chocked Bill the most was the one from Sues stepfather. â€Å"She was a bright, cheery, joyful girl who had her whole life ahead of her† her teary eyed stepfather said. â€Å"Please whoever knows where she is or even thinks they know where she could be just contact us. We just want our little girl back. Thank you† It was one week on and Bill was getting ready too lock up. After spraying half a can of air freshener in the storeroom, he covered the body with boxes of crisps and sweets. It was starting to decay and Bill was dick with worry. He just didn't no where to dispose of the body. A chap on the door disturbed Bill from his thought. Standing outside the door were several policemen and Sues stepfather Darren. Bill and Darren exchanged worried glances. â€Å"Officer, I really don't think this is necessary† Bill could hear Darren say. â€Å"She phoned to say she was leaving.† Bill opened the door and the policemen swept past him. The fat, red-faced policeman didn't look so happy this time. Without even glancing at Bill he produced and important looking piece of paper. â€Å"We're here to search this building. We have a warrant.† Pointing to different officers he directed them to different parts of the shop. â€Å"And me, I'll check here† he said nodding his head towards the storeroom. Bill and Darren followed him. â€Å"Where's the light in here† â€Å"Well actually officer† Bill said pointing to he roof â€Å"The bulbs burst† â€Å"No worries, I'll use my torch.† He shone his torch all over the room kicking empty boxes out of his way. As he got nearer and nearer the body Bill held his breath. Just as he was about to reach it, he turned around. â€Å"No, nothing here.† It was the same from every officer. Darren burst into tears. â€Å"We'll ever find her† Darren cried through great big sobs. â€Å"Don't worry son, this was only a quick scan. The shop will be cornered off and we'll have snuffer dogs in by tonight. The officers were about to leave. Darren was still in tears. â€Å"Uhmm officer† Bill Said † I was just about to get my break so I could make Mr.Mcbeath a cup of tea or coffee if that's ok† â€Å"What would you like to do Mr Macbeath?† asked the policeman â€Å"A cup of tea would be great. I'll call my wife and she'll pick me up.† Darren sniffed. â€Å"We shall phone this evening Mr Mcbeath with more information† the policeman called as he left the shop. As the sound of the police van leaving got more distant Darren looked up at Bill with a grin. â€Å"Wow!! That was a close one! Now, what were you saying about the quarry for the body?† Darren said

Pride and Prejudice: Literary Criticism

When asking typical child who their hero or heroine is, a common answer would be Superman, Batman, or Cat Woman. To these kids, a hero is defined as someone with extraordinary physical strength and the bravery to fight any villain, such as the Joker, without any personal benefit or reward. Although their view of a hero is very childish and uninformed, they are in a way correct. Although a hero may not always need to physically battle villains, they must have emotional strength, bravery, and perseverance to overcome whatever troubles their respective villain brings forward. In the novel, Pride and Prejudice, author Jane Austen portrays her view of heroes, heroines, and villains in a satirically love story. Andrew H. Wright has written a literary criticism essay, titled â€Å"Heroines, Heroes, and Villains in Pride and Prejudice†, in which he states his opinion of Austen’s purpose. Although critic Andrew H. Wright states that some people are simply destined to be heroes, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen features characters that are capable of overcoming their own weaknesses that rise as heroes due to their own perseverance and those who interfere with a potential-hero’s progress become villains. Although Andrew H. Wright dismisses this key point Austen makes, Pride and Prejudice introduces characters that are able to overcome their own flaws that rise as heroes. First off, Wright states how he believes Elizabeth to be the heroine of the story. In the first paragraph he quickly states: â€Å"Elizabeth is definitely the heroine: not only does she explicitly represent one of the words of the title of the story; she quite thoroughly dominates the action† (Wright 97). Wright misinterprets the reason that Elizabeth is a heroine. It’s true that Elizabeth dominates the action throughout, though that is only a result of being the main character. By no means is her development as a character influenced by the number of mentions she receives in the novel. On another note, Wright is incorrect in saying that Elizabeth only represents one of the words of the title of the story, as Austen intends her to represent both. An example of this occurs when Darcy proposes to Elizabeth: â€Å"Elizabeth’s astonishment was beyond impression†¦he was not more eloquent on the subject of tenderness than of pride. His sense of her inferiority-of its being a degradation-of the family obstacles† (Austen 185). This quote is a rime example of how many interpret the title of Pride and Prejudice, believing that Darcy is intended to be the â€Å"pride† and Elizabeth is intended to be the â€Å"prejudice†. In actuality, both characters exhibit both of the traits. In observing Darcy’s excessive pride, Elizabeth is very prejudiced. In disgust with Darcy’s proposal, Elizabeth goes onto say that: â€Å"From the very beginning, from the very first moment I may almost say, of my acquaintance with you, your manners, impressing me with the fullest belief of your arrogance, your conceit, and your selfish disdain of the feelings of others† (Austen 188). Elizabeth’s nasty comment about Darcy confirms that she, before even getting to know Mr. Darcy, deems him as snobbish, showing her prejudice. Darcy is very prejudiced in making judgments on Elizabeth based on her family and wealth. An example of Darcy’s prejudice occurs when Elizabeth rejects his first proposal: â€Å"I did everything in my power to separate my friend from your sister, or that I rejoice in my success† (Austen 187). Darcy believes that by separating Mr. Bingley from Jane, he is doing what is best for his friend. It should not be Darcy’s concern to be involved in his friend’s relationship, and Mr. Bingley should know what is best for himself. Wright is misguided in saying that Elizabeth only represents only one of the words in the title, thus making her the heroine, when Darcy and Elizabeth represent both these characteristics. Elizabeth ultimately overcomes her own flaws and is able to be happily with Darcy, yet she first had to deal with villainous characters. The villains in Pride and Prejudice disrupt a potential-hero’s progress, yet this is misinterpreted by Wright. Once again, Andrew H. Wright understands what the basic theme Jane Austen intends to share, but he misunderstands the reason why it is true. In his critical essay, Wright discusses: â€Å"George Wickham is at once the most plausible and the most villainous of Jane Austen’s anti-heroes: he is handsome, persuasive, personable† (Wright 108). Indeed, this is all true, yet not once does Wright mention why Wickham is a villain, other than the fact that Elizabeth was attracted to him. Wright ignores the fact that Wickham is a sick man because of what happened with Darcy’s sister. In the novel, Darcy reveals to Elizabeth in his letter: â€Å"Mr. Wickham's chief object was unquestionably my sister's fortune, which is thirty thousand pounds; but I cannot help supposing that the hope of revenging himself on me was a strong inducement† (Austen 196). Without a doubt, Wickham interferes with Elizabeth’s marriage with Mr. Darcy to entertain himself and bother Darcy. Elizabeth’s chances of realizing her inevitable love for Darcy are this delayed. It is important to note that perhaps Elizabeth expresses feelings at first for Wickham’s character, described a handsome and personable, because of her prejudice. At Meryton, Elizabeth first observes Wickham as beyond all the other officers â€Å"in person, countenance, air, and walk† (Austen 75). Elizabeth notices him to be different from the other officers, and associates him positively because he is an officer. Wickham’s irresistible characteristics attract Elizabeth away from Darcy because her prejudice forces her to dismiss any chance at him being flawed upon first meeting him. The final reason Wickham is a villainous character is because of his elopement with Lydia, leading to a misunderstanding between Elizabeth and Darcy. As Elizabeth tells Darcy of her discovery of Wickham and Lydia’s elopement, Darcy begins â€Å"walking up and down the room in earnest meditation; his brow contracted, his air gloomy. Elizabeth soon observed and instantly understood it. Her power was sinking; every thing must sink under such a proof of family weakness, such an assurance of the deepest disgrace. (Austen 264). Elizabeth greatly misunderstands this situation thinking that Darcy leaves because he no longer wants to be connected with the family’s suddenly poor social status. In actuality, Darcy is going to London to fix the situation for the Bennet family. Due to this misunderstanding, Elizabeth assumes that Darcy is no longer interested in her. Wickham’s villainous act of running off with Lydia causes great trouble for Elizabeth, separating her from Da rcy and causing great worry about her social status. Wright only acknowledges Wickham’s villainy for being attractive and simply another relationship for Elizabeth, and not for one which interrupts her inevitable relationship with Darcy. As shown in Pride and Prejudice villains are a blocking force of a potential-hero’s progress. Even though critic Andrew H. Wright believes that some people are simply destined to be heroes, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen features characters that are capable of overcoming their own weaknesses that rise as heroes due to their own perseverance and those who interfere with a otential-hero’s progress become villains. Elizabeth Bennet outlines Austen’s definition of a hero, as Wickham does as a villain. Through the tough times brought upon her by villains, and her own weaknesses which she must overcome, Elizabeth becomes Austen’s definition of a hero by overcoming her weaknesses. Her prejudice and excessive pride are the qualities which lead her to trouble and confusion in her relationship with Darcy. It is clear why Austen first titled the novel First Impressions, because as this story’s heroine learns, they can be quite deceiving.